Immune cell 'survival' gene key to better myeloma treatments

Feb. 3, 2013 ? Scientists have identified the gene essential for survival of antibody-producing cells, a finding that could lead to better treatments for diseases where these cells are out of control, such as myeloma and chronic immune disorders.

The discovery that a gene called Mcl-1 is critical for keeping this vital immune cell population alive was made by researchers at Melbourne's Walter and Eliza Hall Institute. Associate Professor David Tarlinton, Dr Victor Peperzak and Dr Ingela Vikstrom from the institute's Immunology division led the research, which was published February 3 in Nature Immunology.

Antibody-producing cells, also known as plasma cells, live in the bone marrow and make antibodies that provide a person with long-term protection from viruses and bacteria, Associate Professor Tarlinton said. "Plasma cells are produced after vaccination or infection and are responsible for the immune 'memory' that can persist in humans for 70 or 80 years. In this study, we found that plasma cells critically rely on Mcl-1 for their continued survival and, without it, they die within two days," he said.

Dr Peperzak said the team was surprised to find that plasma cells used this as a 'failsafe' mechanism in controlling their survival. "One of the interesting things we found is that because plasma cells rapidly destroy Mcl-1 proteins within the cell yet depend on it for their survival, they need continuous external signals to tell them to produce more Mcl-1 protein," Dr Peperzak said. "This keeps the plasma cells under tight control, with Mcl-1 acting like a timer that constantly counts down and, if not reset, instructs the cell to die."

Plasma cells are vital to the immune response, but can be dangerous if not properly controlled, Associate Professor Tarlinton said. "As with any immune cell, plasma cells are really quite dangerous in many respects and need to be tightly controlled," he said. "When they are out of control they continue to make antibodies that can be very damaging if there are too many. This happens in conditions such as myeloma -- a cancer of plasma cells -- and various forms of autoimmunity, such as systemic lupus erythamatosus or rheumatoid arthritis, where there are excessive levels of antibodies."

Myeloma is a blood cancer that affects more than 1200 Australians each year, and is more common in people over 60. It is caused by the uncontrolled production of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow and the build up of damaging antibodies in the blood. Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are autoimmune diseases in which the antibodies produced by plasma cells attack and destroy the body's own tissues.

Associate Professor Tarlinton said that his hope was that the discovery could be used to develop new treatments for these conditions. "Myeloma in particular has a very poor prognosis, and is generally considered incurable," Associate Professor Tarlinton said. "Now that we know Mcl-1 is the one essential gene needed to keep plasma cells alive, we have begun 'working backwards' to identify all the critical molecules and signals needed to switch on Mcl-1 and keep the cells alive. Our hope is that we will identify some point in the internal cell signalling pathway, or a critical external molecule, that could be blocked to stop Mcl-1 being produced by the cell. This would be an important new platform for diseases that currently have no specific or effective treatment, such as myeloma, or offer new treatment options for people who don't respond well to existing treatments for diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis."

This research was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, European Molecular Biology Organization and the Victorian Government.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Walter and Eliza Hall Institute.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Victor Peperzak, Ingela Vikstr?m, Jennifer Walker, Stefan P Glaser, Melanie LePage, Christine M Coquery, Loren D Erickson, Kirsten Fairfax, Fabienne Mackay, Andreas Strasser, Stephen L Nutt & David M Tarlinton. Mcl-1 is essential for the survival of plasma cells. Nature Immunology, 03 February 2013 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2527

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/LZlkcrNA-zs/130203145552.htm

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Israel suggests responsibility for Syria airstrike

Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak gestures during a meeting at the Security Conference in Munich, southern Germany, on Sunday, Feb. 3, 2013. The 49th Munich Security Conference started Friday until Sunday with experts from 90 delegations. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)

Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak gestures during a meeting at the Security Conference in Munich, southern Germany, on Sunday, Feb. 3, 2013. The 49th Munich Security Conference started Friday until Sunday with experts from 90 delegations. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)

Ehud Barak, Defence Minister of Israel, left, gestures next to Wolfgang Ischinger, Chairman of the Security Conference, during a meeting at the Conference in Munich, southern Germany, on Sunday, Feb. 3, 2013. The 49th Munich Security Conference started Friday until Sunday afternoon with experts from 90 delegations. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)

Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak, center, arrives for a meeting of the Security Conference in Munich, southern Germany, on Sunday, Feb. 3, 2013. The 49th Munich Security Conference started Friday until Sunday with experts from 90 delegations. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)

Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak gestures during a meeting at the Security Conference in Munich, southern Germany, on Sunday, Feb. 3, 2013. The 49th Munich Security Conference started Friday until Sunday with experts from 90 delegations. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)

MUNICH (AP) ? Israel's defense minister indicated Sunday that his country was behind an airstrike on Syria that U.S. officials said targeted anti-aircraft weapons bound for the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah.

It was the first public comment by an Israeli government official on the Wednesday strike.

"I cannot add anything to what you have read in the newspapers about what happened in Syria several days ago," Defense Minister Ehud Barak said in Germany at a security conference with top diplomats and defense officials from around the world.

But then he went on to say: "I keep telling frankly that we said ? and that's proof when we said something we mean it ? we say that we don't think it should be allowed to bring advanced weapons systems into Lebanon." He spoke in English.

Israeli leaders in recent weeks have expressed a growing concern that Syria's civil war has led to President Bashar Assad losing his grip on the country and on its arsenal, including chemical weapons.

In Syria, Assad said during a meeting with a top Iranian official that his country could confront any aggression, his first comment on the airstrike.

"Syria, with the awareness of its people, the might of its army and its adherence to the path of resistance, is able to face the current challenges and confront any aggression that might target the Syrian people," Assad was quoted as saying by the state news agency SANA.

He made the remarks during a meeting with Saeed Jalili, Iran's top nuclear negotiator. Iran is Syria's closest regional ally and Jalili, on a three-day visit to Syria, has pledged Tehran's continued support for Assad's regime.

Syria has vowed to retaliate for the airstrike.

The chief of Iran's powerful Revolutionary Guards said Sunday that Tehran also hopes Syria will strike back against Israel. The report by the official IRNA news agency quoted Gen. Mohammad Ali Jafari as saying:

"We are hopeful that Syria gives an appropriate response to the strike in the proper time."

The Syrian military has denied that the target of the attack was a weapons convoy. It said low-flying Israeli jets crossed into the country over the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights to target a military research center in the village of Jamraya, near Damascus.

U.S. officials have said the strike hit both the research center and a convoy of anti-aircraft weapons that was next to it. They said the weapons were bound for the Islamic militant group Hezbollah in neighboring Lebanon, an ally of Syria and Iran.

Syrian television station Al-Ikhbariya TV on Saturday aired the first purported images of the targeted site, showing the twisted and battered remnants of cars, trucks and military vehicles.

A building appeared to have broken widows and damaged interiors, but no major structural damage. The caption said: "Consequences of the Israeli aggression on the Jamraya center."

In the days ahead of the attack, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and other top officials repeatedly warned of the dangers of Syrian weapons falling into the hands of Hezbollah and other hostile elements in the region.

"Hezbollah from Lebanon and the Iranians are the only allies that Assad has left," Barak told the security conference. He also said that in his view, Assad's fall "is coming imminently" and when it happens, "this will be a major blow to the Iranians and Hezbollah."

"I think that they will pay the price," he said.

Syrian opposition leaders and rebels have criticized Assad for not responding to the airstrike, calling it proof of his weakness and acquiescence to the Jewish state.

Since the outbreak of the uprising against Assad 22 months ago, Israeli leaders have repeatedly expressed fears that if Syria were to disintegrate, Assad could lose control of his chemical weapons and other arms.

On Saturday night, Netanyahu, who is in the process of forming a new ruling coalition, said his new government would have to deal with weapons "being stockpiled near us and threatening our cities and civilians" ? an apparent reference to the deteriorating situation in Syria.

____

Josef Federman in Jerusalem and Barbara Surk in Beirut contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-02-03-Israel-Syria/id-8a9994e2ee554016a2d4683903833338

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Gusts Of Popular Feeling: The Imjin River hockey game recreation

As I mentioned the other day, today the Imjin River hockey games involving Canadian troops during the Korean War were recreated at City Hall. MBC did a report which has video footage of the game which I'd never seen before. Yonhap took some photos, including a few which compared today's scenes to those of the past:



I had a chance to see the photo exhibition at the Canadian Embassy the other day and was able to read the captions for the photos, which revealed something amusing about the one below. The soldiers in it are actually crawling onto the ice, because it's a game between Australian and New Zealand soldiers - who don't know how to skate:
?Meanwhile, in Gangneung today, there was a demonstration of floor hockey in connection with the Special Olympics (with the Yonhap article titled "Floor Hockey is Fun").

Source: http://populargusts.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-imjin-river-hockey-game-recreation.html

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Goodbye Barney: Thousands mourn President George W. Bush's Scottish terrier; starred in videos (Star Tribune)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS Feeds and Widgets via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/282252524?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Harbaugh Brothers Compete In Dramatic Super Bowl XLVII

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Morgan Cox #46 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates after the Ravens won 34-31 against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: (L-R) Head coach John Harbaugh and Ray Lewis #52 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrate after the Ravens won 34-31 against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Ray Lewis #52 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates after the Ravens won 34-31 against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Ray Lewis #52 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates after defeating the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana.The Baltimore Ravens defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31. (Photo by Chris Graythen/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Super Bowl MVP Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates with the Vince Lombardi trophy after the Ravens won 34-31 against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Super Bowl MVP Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates after the Ravens won 34-31 against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens celebreates with his teammates after defeating the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Ravens defeated the 49ers 34-31. (Photo by Dilip Vishwanat/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Ed Reed #20 and Ray Lewis #52 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrate after defeating the San Francisco 49ers as CBS Host Jim Nantz looks on during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Ravens defeated the 49ers 34-31. (Photo by Jamie Squire/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Super Bowl MVP Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates with the Vince Lombardi trophy after the Ravens won 34-31 against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Christian Petersen/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Head coach Jim Harbaugh of the San Francisco 49ers walks off of the field dejected after the Baltimore Ravens won 34-31 during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Christian Petersen/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Ray Lewis #52 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates with the VInce Lombardi trophy after the Ravens won 34-31 against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Rob Carr/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens celebreates with his teammates after defeating the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Ravens defeated the 49ers 34-31. (Photo by Jamie Squire/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Ray Lewis #52 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates following their 34-31 win against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ezra Shaw/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Ray Lewis #52 of the Baltimore Ravens holds up the Vince Lombardi Trophy following their 34-31 win against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Jamie Squire/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Frank Gore #21 of the San Francisco 49ers runs out of bounds in the fourth quarter against Dannell Ellerbe #59 of the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Head coach John Harbaugh of the Baltimore Ravens reacts against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Frank Gore #21 of the San Francisco 49ers runs with the ball before stiff-arming Ed Reed #20 of the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Al Bello/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens reacts after a play against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Christian Petersen/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Anquan Boldin #81 of the Baltimore Ravens can't make a catch in the second half against Chris Culliver #29, Dashon Goldson #38 and Carlos Rogers #22 of the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Harry How/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Frank Gore #21 of the San Francisco 49ers celebrates with teammates Colin Kaepernick #7 and Joe Staley #74 after scoring a touchdown in the third quarter against the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ezra Shaw/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Colin Kaepernick #7 of the San Francisco 49ers reacts after he scored a 15-yard rushing touchdown in the fourth quarter against the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Ray Lewis #52 of the Baltimore Ravens looks on against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Christian Petersen/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: David Akers #2 of the San Francisco 49ers attempts a field goal in the second half against Chykie Brown #23 of the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Chris Graythen/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens pass against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Christian Petersen/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Colin Kaepernick #7 of the San Francisco 49ers runs in for a touchdown in the fourth quarter in front of teammate Michael Crabtree #15 past Ed Reed #20 of the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Al Bello/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Colin Kaepernick #7 of the San Francisco 49ers runs into the endzone for a 15-yard rushing touchdown in the fourth quarter as teammate Joe Staley #74 against the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: NaVorro Bowman #53 of the San Francisco 49ers celebrates a fumble recovery by Tarell Brown #25 in the third quarter against the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Christian Petersen/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Head coach Jim Harbaugh of the San Francisco 49ers shouts from the sidelines against the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Rob Carr/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Cary Williams #29 of the Baltimore Ravens breaks up a pass in front of Ted Ginn #19 of the San Francisco 49ers in the third quarter during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Bernard Pierce #30 of the Baltimore Ravens runs with the ball in the second half against Aldon Smith #99 of the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Rob Carr/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Aldon Smith #99 of the San Francisco 49ers celebrates a sack with teammate Ahmad Brooks #55 against the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Jacoby Jones #12 of the Baltimore Ravens returns a kick-off 108 yards for a touchdown to open in the second half against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Ray Rice #27 of the Baltimore Ravens fumbles the ball in the third quarter against Tarell Brown #25 of the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens is sacked by Ahmad Brooks #55 of the San Francisco 49ers in the second half during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Ted Ginn #19 of the San Francisco 49ers returns apunt 32-yards in the third quarter against Sam Koch #4 of the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Field judge Craig Wrolstad stands on the field during a 34 minute power outage during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Jamie Squire/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Jacoby Jones #12 of the Baltimore Ravens reacts after he scored on a 109-yard kick-off return for a touchdown to open the second half against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: The San Francisco 49ers stand on the field after a sudden power outage in the second half during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Dilip Vishwanat/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: A partial power outage during the third quarter causes a 34 minute delay in the game during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Jacoby Jones #12 of the Baltimore Ravens catches a 56-yard pass before running in for the touchdown in the second quarter in front of Chris Culliver #29 of the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Dilip Vishwanat/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens gestures towards teammate Jacoby Jones #12 after Jones scored on a 109-yard kick-off return for a touchdown to open the second half against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens turns to hand the ball off to Bernard Pierce #30 against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Harry How/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Kicker Justin Tucker #9 of the Baltimore Ravens is stopped short of a first down on a fake field goal attempt in the second quarter by Patrick Willis #52 of the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Christian Petersen/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates a touchdown in the second quarter against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Chris Graythen/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens attempts to escape pressure from Aldon Smith #99 of the San Francisco 49ers in the first half during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Rob Carr/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Dennis Pitta #88 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates with teammate Matt Birk #77 after catching a touchdown pass in the second quarter against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Al Bello/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Head coach Jim Harbaugh of the San Francisco 49ers runs on the field to arguee with head linesman Steve Stelljes #22 after players from the 49ers and the Baltimore Ravens were pushing and shoving each other in the second quarter during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Cary Williams #29 of the Baltimore Ravens is held back by Dannell Ellerbe #59 and head linesman Steve Stelljes #22 from Bruce Miller #49 of the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Joe Flacco #5 of the Baltimore Ravens celebrates after he threw a 1-yard touchdown pass in the second quarter to Dennis Pitta #88 against the San Francisco 49ers during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Rob Carr/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Donte Whitner #31 of the San Francisco 49ers commits a face mask penalty in the second quarter against Ed Dickson #84 of the Baltimore Ravens during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Harry How/Getty Images)

Super Bowl XLVII - Baltimore Ravens v San Francisco 49ers

NEW ORLEANS, LA - FEBRUARY 03: Anthony Davis #76 of the San Francisco 49ers and Bernard Pollard #31 of the Baltimore Ravens get rough with each other at the bottom of a pile in the second quarter during Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on February 3, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)

Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/03/harbaugh-brothers-super-bowl-xlvii-dramatic-ravens_n_2613225.html

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Computer Forensics - Finding Out What The Bad Guys - Gestaltung ...

Computer forensics is a lot like the CSI research plans on the television. Using advanced level techniques and systems, a possible crime will be reconstructed by a computer forensic scientist using the data this 1 computer systems. This data may include email trails, records, hidden websites and other related hints.

Computer Forensics may be the scientific study of computers or computer related information with regards to a study by a enforcement agency for use within a court of law. The improvements in technology are constantly studying this technology, while this technology might be as old as computers themselves.

It?s much simpler to monitor what was done when, even though by whom is still challenging, while all computer languages are made with zeros and ones. Forensic science has done well to keep up with the job of tracking and tracing what?s done and development of a timeline in an attempt to reconstruct a possible crime. Many people only think that a delete key really removed the data, though it is possible to clean and remove data from a tough drive. In actuality, the delete key just removed the file location from an file and the actual data remains safely on the machine. It is around the data recovery skills of the forensic computer personnel to capture and restore that data without modification.

Computer forensics may be used to track messages, instant messaging and nearly any type of computer related communications. This is often necessary, specially in the world where computers and data travel round the world in seconds. Bundle sniffers may practically be placed in just a data flow and give information on what is working through the community instantly. This is really remarkable considering the millions upon millions of data packets going through anybody the main network.

Computer forensic science is an interesting market in the law enforcement field that is seldom thought to be a vocation. The field is recognized as by many to be spacious for anybody with the motivation to master the skills, because it is fairly new. Unlike many computer associated jobs, a computer forensic consultant won?t be outsourced to a nation on the other side of the world. The privacy of the data is just too painful and sensitive to enable it to travel across the world just to save lots of a little income. visit link

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Source: http://www.damm-net.org/blog/2013/02/computer-forensics-finding-out-what-the-bad-guys-did-using-their-computers/

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Biden raises possibility of direct U.S.-Iran talks

MUNICH (Reuters) - The United States is ready for direct talks with Iran if it is serious about negotiations, Vice President Joe Biden said on Saturday, backing bilateral contact many see as crucial to easing a dispute over Tehran's nuclear program.

Speaking at a security conference in Munich, Biden said Iran - which says it is enriching uranium for peaceful energy only - now faced "the most robust sanctions in history" meant to ensure it does not develop nuclear weapons.

"But we have also made clear that Iran's leaders need not sentence their people to economic deprivation and international isolation," Biden said. "There is still time, there is still space for diplomacy backed by pressure to succeed. The ball is in the government of Iran's court."

To date, fitful talks on Iran's nuclear program have been between Tehran and the EU's top diplomat representing six world powers including Washington. But analysts have suggested that with his re-election behind him, President Barack Obama might have more leeway to take on direct negotiations with Iran.

That makes the year ahead critical for chances of overcoming a stand-off which, if left to fester further, could see Iran approach nuclear weapons capability, possibly provoking military action by Israel that could inflame the Middle East.

Progress on Iran would also help ease regional tensions as the United States prepares to pull most combat troops out of Iran's neighbor Afghanistan by the end of 2014.

Asked whether Washington might consider direct talks with Iran to smooth the process, Biden said, "When the Iranian leadership, Supreme Leader (Ayatollah Ali Khamenei), is serious.

"We have made it clear at the outset that we would be prepared to meet bilaterally with the Iranian leadership, we would not make it a secret that we were doing that, we would let our partners know if that occasion presented itself.

"That offer stands, but it must be real and tangible and there has to be an agenda that they are prepared to speak to. We are not just prepared to do it for the exercise."

Negotiations with Iran have so far been overseen by European Union foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton on behalf of France, Britain, Germany, China, Russia and the United States. But they have made scant headway, raising fears Iran is simply playing for time while it develops nuclear know-how.

Ashton has asked Iran to hold a round of talks this month and on Friday called on Tehran to abandon plans to install and operate advanced centrifuges that would speed up its ability to enrich uranium - potentially making it easier for it to produce the highly-enriched uranium needed for nuclear weapons.

Many believe no deal is possible without a U.S.-Iranian thaw, requiring direct talks addressing myriad sources of mutual mistrust and hostility lingering since Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution and the hostage crisis at the U.S. embassy in Tehran.

Iran has avoided direct, public talks with the United States, though some suggest Tehran would eventually welcome an opportunity to end its international isolation.

Speaking at a news conference in Munich, Republican Senator John McCain said he would have no objection to direct talks but questioned how much these would achieve if fundamental questions over Iran's nuclear program remained unresolved.

"I don't know when we will have direct talks between the United States and Iran. That is a subject for the president of the United States. I don't think anyone here objects to that," he said. But he added, "to have grounds for optimism, I think, would be a mistake."

"DECISIVE YEAR ON IRAN"

With Iran holding its own presidential elections in June, hopes of progress before then are limited.

The United States and its allies, however, do not have an indefinite amount of time to negotiate. Notwithstanding the current stalemate, Iran's nuclear program is advancing and international consensus on sanctions may be hard to maintain.

Israel, which describes the prospect of Iran being able to weaponize enriched uranium as an existential threat, has made clear it would be ready to bomb the nuclear sites of its arch-enemy to prevent that outcome. The United States has also said it would not rule out the use of military force.

Speaking at the Munich conference, German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle said that "2013 is the decisive year on Iran, especially for political reasons.

"We had elections in the United States and Israel, we will have elections in June in Iran; we see increasing capabilities especially with the issue of enrichment - let us be very frank, we did not have progress in the last 12 months, so it is obvious that we have to use this year.."

Russia, which has been impatient with decades of U.S. hostility to Tehran since its 1979 Islamic Revolution but backed U.N. Security Council sanctions since 2006, repeated on Saturday the need to find a diplomatic solution.

"Iran must know the overall game plan, it must see what is in it for it in this process. We need to convince Iran that this is not about regime change ... this mistrust must be overcome," Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told the conference.

That comment was echoed by Westerwelle.

"If we want to reach this goal, it would be wrong to discuss all these military options and possibilities. It is now important to focus our whole attention, all our effort for a diplomatic and political solution."

This would have to include a relief from sanctions as well as recognition of Iran's right to enrich uranium to the lower levels needed for civilian nuclear fuel, security analysts say.

Iran made no immediate comment on the possibility of direct talks with the United States, but its foreign minister was due to address the annual Munich Security Conference on Sunday.

(Additional reporting by Alexandra Hudson in Munich; Editing by Mark Heinrich and Jason Webb)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/biden-raises-possibility-direct-u-iran-talks-135607063.html

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